VISION-AND-MOTION-baseD SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF OPEN SPACE: a study on its structure, boundary and meaning in architecture

基于视觉和运动的开放空间空间表征：建筑中的结构、边界和意义研究

LIN GAO; XINCHENG PU; YIPING

China Architecture Design Institute Co.Ltd.；Institute of Architectural Design and Theory, Zhejiang University；China Architecture Design Institute Co.Ltd.

中国建筑设计研究院有限公司；浙江大学建筑设计与理论研究所；中国建筑设计研究院有限公司

KEYWORDS：Vision and Motion, Solid Angle, Equi-visual Set, Neighbourhood, Boundary

关键词：视觉与运动，立体角，等视集合，邻域，边界

本文来自于第十二届空间句法北京会议，文件夹“architectural form”，序号83

论文下载链接 http://www.12sssbeijing.com/proceedings/

【浙江工业大学理论课作业】

Abstract

摘要

Spatial analysis from human perspective is particularly difficult in describing people’s perception objectively. Quantitative analysis seems to be a good measurement of human feelings. However, due to the ambiguous transforming process and the complex multivariable analysis, the correlation between the data and human experience are often weakened.

从人的角度进行空间分析特别难以客观地描述人们的感知。定量分析似乎可以很好地衡量人的感受。然而，由于模棱两可的的转换过程和复杂的多变量分析，数据和人类经验之间的相关性常常被削弱。

In this context, we first turn to the very nature of human vision. Starting with how eyes work and what is important to human field of view, we find a new perspective of understanding open space which is the three-dimensional space between buildings in brief. By comparing the characteristics of an observer’s location and his vision in a dynamic way, we introduce solid angle as a measurement of not only human field of view, but also human visual impression as well, which connects closely the subjective visual perception with the scene we see in the objective world.

在这种情况下，我们首先来谈谈人类视觉的本质。从眼睛的工作原理和对人类视野的重要性入手，我们找到了一个新的视角来理解开放空间，即建筑之间的三维空间。通过动态地比较观察者的位置和视觉特性，我们引入立体角作为度量方法。它可以测量人的视野和人的视觉印象，并将主观视觉感受与客观世界中所看到的场景紧密地联系在一起。

Then, by proposing a concept of “equi-visual set” where one object seems to be the same size as another, we put forward not only a simplified mathematical model with spherical objects (or “buildings”), which is available easily by scripting, but also a new method of calculating the neighbourhood which represents the space belonging to a certain sphere. 

然后，通过提出“等视集”的概念，在这个集中，一个物体与另一个物体大小相同，我们不仅提出了一个简化的一定范围内的物体（或“建筑物”）的数学模型，这种模型可以很容易地通过脚本获得，同时也提出了一种新的计算邻域的方法，该邻域表示属于某个特定范围的空间。

This model reveals a basic structure of open space which consists of enclosed territories and shared boundaries within an artificial bounding box containing all the spheres. Moreover, it helps us, by mapping and animation, in explaining how this neighbourhood relates to the human visual perception and the publicity of open space in a broader sense.

该模型揭示了一个开放空间的基本结构，包括封闭的区域和所有区域的人工边界框内的共享边界。此外，它还通过地图和动画帮助我们解释了这个街区是如何与人类的视觉感知和更广泛意义上的开放空间的公共性联系在一起的。

Finally, in consideration of the two-dimensional track of human, ignoring the terrain, we generalize a new model with 2.5 dimensional convex hulls in place of the one with spheres, which represents the buildings in a more real way. By sampling in the eye-level plane, we achieve a spatial section of open space with two-dimensional neighbourhoods, providing a new methodology for spatial analysis while revealing its significance in architecture.

最后，考虑到人的二维运动轨迹，不考虑地形因素，我们归纳出一个新的具有2.5维的凸空间模型用以代替那些具有范围的模型，使建筑物更真实地表现出来。通过在眼平面上采样，我们得到了一个具有二维邻域的开放空间的空间剖面，为空间分析提供了一种新的方法，同时也揭示了其在建筑中的意义

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ABSTRACT

摘要

Jilin, the north-eastern province in China, is undergoing the Chinese New Urbanization Process which is a national development strategy since the 18th CPC National Congress. The strategy divides the whole nation into 21 urban agglomerations and focuses more on a regional vision and integrated growth. As the lowest urbanization increase rate city agglomeration, Ha-Chang city agglomeration which Jilin province belongs to has been entering a relatively lag phase for urbanization development since 2010. One of the main reasons is the lack of effective regional space plan. A series of spatial planning strategies at agglomeration as well as province levels were proposed by national and local governments around 2015. This paper intends to evaluate these proposals’ effectiveness after all those years’ development while using human focused and science-based space syntax approach. It will first conclude the spatial development strategy of Jilin province from the national and provincial planning documents as nine key cities, four developing belts and five city clusters. Then the paper explains the theory and method applied and comes up with a regional model including three adjacent provinces with regard to the evaluation purpose for the very first time. With the help of the processed model, the existing spatial structure as cities, belts and clusters are separately analysed from global and local scales. And the corresponding suggestions about its future spatial planning are given with respect of its economic and social situations at last.

吉林省作为中国东北部的一个省份，正在经历党的十八大以来作为国家发展战略的中国新型城镇化进程。该战略将全国划分为21个城市群，更加注重区域视野和综合增长。作为城市化增长率最低的城市群，2010年以来，吉林省所属的哈昌城市群城市化发展进入相对滞后阶段。主要原因之一是缺乏有效的区域空间规划。2015年前后，国家和地方政府提出了一系列集聚和省级空间规划战略。本文旨在评估这些建议经过多年的发展后，在使用以人为中心和科学为基础的空间句法方法时的有效性。首先从国家和省级规划文件中归纳出吉林省的空间发展战略，即9个重点城市、4个发展带和5个城市群。在此基础上，阐述了本文所运用的理论和方法，并首次提出了一个包含三个相邻省份的区域评价模型。借助处理后的模型，分别从全球尺度和局部尺度分析了城市、带、群等现有空间结构。最后，结合其经济社会状况，对其未来的空间规划提出了相应的建议。