yujiahuan

Abstract摘要 The common space in nursing home is an important place to enhance residents’ social exchange, and to promote residents healthy and life satisfaction. However, investigation shows the utilization of common space in Japanese nursing home is low.养老院里的公共空间是增进老人社会交往、保持老人身体健康和提升老人生活满意度的重要场所。然而，调查显示，日本养老院公共空间的利用率较低。 This paper explores the association between space utilization and space spatial configuration, aims to contribute to spatial design for better resident’s social exchange. The factors of spatial configuration in this paper includes space geometric metrics like area size per residents, shape, distance to living space, and the spatial metrics which is measured by Space syntax theory.本文探讨了空间利用与空间配置之间的关系，旨在为空间设计做出贡献，以更好地促进养老院内老人的社会交往。本文中空间配置的因素包括人均面积、居住空间的形态、到居住空间的距离以及空间句法理论所度量的空间指标。 Firstly, the common space area sizes and factors of spatial configuration form Space Syntax theory are analyzed and compared through the past 35 years nursing home samples for clarifying the spatial characteristics.首先，通过空间句法理论，对过去35年来的养老院样本中常见的空间区域大小和空间配置因素进行了分析和比较，以阐明空间特征。 Secondly, actual spatial utilization by residents are observed through the field survey in 12 nursing homes, and the tendency of utilization in each common space are clarified. Thirdly, the spatial characteristics are combined with spatial utilization in the multiple regression analysis, then spatial integration, area size per resident, and spatial connectivity are extracted as significant factors. That is UTI(%) = f(INT, CNN, ARE) = 3.752 * INT + 3.301 * ARE + 0.506 * CNN - 4.206 where UTI is space utilization, INT is spatial integration, CNN is spatial connectivity, ARE is common space area size per resident, which tells that generally the space utilization(utilization rate) can be increased by 3.75% per unit of spatial integration, and can be increased by 3.30% per m2 per resident area size, and can be raised by 0.51% per unit of spatial connectivity.然后，通过对12家养老院的实地调查，观察老人的实际空间利用情况，明确各公共空间的利用趋势。最后，将空间特征与空间利用相结合进行多元回归分析，提取空间整合度、人均面积、空间连通性为显著因子。 得到 UTI(%) = f(INT, CNN, ARE) = 3.752 * INT + 3.301 * ARE + 0.506 * CNN - 4.206 其中UTI是空间利用率，INT是空间整合度，CNN是空间连通性，ARE是人均公共空间面积。由此可知，每增加单位空间整合度可使公共空间利用率提高3.75%，每增加单位人均面积可使公共空间利用率提高3.30%，每增加单位空间连通性可使公共空间利用率提高0.51%。 As a conclusion, allocate common facility to place with higher spatial integration, more spatial connectivity with surroundings, and increase the average space area size per resident are valid way to raise the space utilization of common space in Japanese nursing homes.综上所述，将公共空间配置到空间整合度更高、与周围环境空间连通性更好的地方，以及增加人均居住面积将是提高日本养老院公共空间利用率的有效途径。

REFERENCES参考文献 Ball M. B. et al. (2004), Managing decline in assisted living: The key to aging in place. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 59B, pp. S202–S212. Byoung-Suk Kweon, et. al. (1998), Green Common Spaces and the Social Integration of Inner-City Older Adults, Environment and Behavior, 30(6), pp.832-858. Candace L. et al. (2012), Strangers and Friends: Residents’ Social Careers in Assisted Living. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 67(4), pp.491-502. Daniel Koch, Pablo M. Carranza(2013), Syntactic Resilience, Proceedings of the Ninth International Space Syntax Symposium. pp.054:1. Dettlaff, W. (2014), Space syntax analysis – methodology of understanding the space. PhD Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol.1, pp. 283-291. Frances E. et. al. (1998), Fertile Ground for Community: Inner-City Neighbourhood Common Spaces, American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(6), pp.823-851. Gopalakrishnan N(2008) Quality of life in older ages. British Medical Bulletin, 85(1), pp.113-126. Hillier B., Hanson J. (1984) The Social Logic of Space, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Hillier B. et al.,(1990), Broadgate space: Life in public spaces, Unit for Architectural Studies, University College, London. Hillier B. (1996), Space is the Machine: A Configurational Theory of Architecture, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. IBM Corp. Released 2016. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Ishibashi K. et al.(2015), Analysis of utilization and related factors of common living space in unit care nursing homes. Welfare Indicator, 62(11), pp.32-38. Kanki Y. et al.(2005a), Study on the residents' space-use and behavior at common spaces inside their own units at the assisted living with private rooms and units - Actual conditions of residents' space- use and behavior at the assisted living with private rooms and units, Part 1 -, J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, No. 592, pp. 65-70. Kanki Yumi et.al(2005b), 5029 Study on the Residents' Space-Use and Behavior outside their own Units at the Assisted Living with Private Rooms. Architectural Institute of Japan, Planning, Vol.45, pp.113-116. Klarqvist B.(1993), A space syntax glossary(Electronic version). Nordisk Ar-kitekturforskning, No.2, pp.11-12. MHLW(2015), General Affairs Division, Planning Legal Affairs Section, Gerontological Agency, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Elderly care for 2015 – Establishing care to support the dignity of elderly people. Mori S. et al. (2003), A study on planning based on care  system in unit−type nursing home, J．Archit．Plann, AIJ, No.572, pp.41 −47. Park N. S. (2009), The relationships of social engagement to psychological well-being of older adults in assisted living facilities. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 28, pp. 461–481. Peiman A. Behbahani, etc. (2014), Comparing The Properties of Different Space Syntax Techniques for Analysing Interiors, Across: Architectural Research through to Practice:48th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association. ©2014. The Architectural Science Association & Genova University Press, pp.683-694. Penn A. (1999), Space Syntax: a theory with a toolkit. Presented at: First International Space Syntax Symposium. Peponis J. and Wineman, J.(2002), Spatial Structure of Environment and Behavior. In: R. Bechtel andA. Churchman (Ed), Handbook of environmental psychology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. Sailer K. and Penn A. (2009), Spatiality and transpatiality in workplace environments. Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium.Street D., Burge S. W.(2012), Residential context, social relationships, and subjective well-being in assisted living. Research on Aging, 34, pp.365–394. Tachibana H (2002), A comparative study on meanings of semi-private and semi-public zones of nursing homes - Studies on spatial structure of nursing home with private rooms 4, J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, No. 557, pp. 157 - 164. Takano Y(2012) A study of districts properties applying topological and geometrical characteristics  of street patterns. Journal of City Planning Institute of Japan, 46(3), pp.661-666. Varoudis, T(2013), Space Syntax Angular Betweenness Centrality Revisited. Proceedings of the 9th International Space Syntax Symposium, pp.057:7.